Fertilizer: A substance that is put on the ground to help crops and other plants grow better. Fertilizers give plants nutrients. Fertilizers can be man-made chemicals or natural materials such as manure.

Flock: The name used for some groups of animals of all the same kind. For example, birds, goats, sheep, geese, etc.

Food Chain: A food chain shows how each living thing gets its food. A food chain always starts with plant life and ends with an animal. (e.g. grasshopper eats plants like corn, shrews eat grasshoppers, hawks eat shrews.)

Food Miles: The distance food travels from where it is grown or raised to where it is ultimately bought by consumers.

Food Web: A complex, interconnected pattern of food chains.

Forest: A complex community of plants and animals in which trees are the most prominent members.

Forest Floor: The layer of decomposing material that covers the soil in a forest.

Forest Fragmentation: Forest fragmentation occurs when large, continuous forests are divided into smaller blocks, either by roads, clearing for agriculture, urbanization, or other human development.

Fossil Fuel: Gases that trap the heat of the sun in the Earth's atmosphere, producing the greenhouse effect. The two major greenhouse gases are water vapour and carbon dioxide. Other greenhouse gases include methane, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and nitrogen oxides.